УКРАЇНСЬКІ СУДДІ В ГАЛИЧИНІ НАПРИКІНЦІ ХІХ – НА ПОЧАТКУ ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ: СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПРОФЕСІЙНИЙ ПОРТРЕТ

The paper deals with the systematization of information on judges as a separate professional group in the structure of the Ukrainian intelligentsia in Halychyna in the late 19th century – early 20th century. At first, an increase in the number and importance of judges in the social structure of the region’s population is emphasized. It was due to liberal reforms in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the development of the judicial system of the region, increasing demand for judicial services, and at the same time, the popularity of law, the specifics of training lawyers in higher educational institutions (the functioning of Ukrainian-language departments at the Faculty of Law of Lviv University, the possibility to combine obtaining education with employment). Next, the main stages of becoming a judge as a professional are also analyzed: passing three state exams as the final stage of obtaining higher education, passing compulsory one-year, and later three-year, judicial practice and qualifying judicial exam. Features of professional activity of judges and other categories of lawyers, in particular attorneys and notaries, are compared. The issue of judges retraining for attorneys is considered, reasons for such phenomenon are investigated, along with the connection among the national identity of the judiciary workers and the specifics of their work, participation in the socio-political life of the region. Alongside, advantages (lifetime tenure, legally established limitation on the responsibility of judges) and disadvantages (high social expectations, control over activities, close attention to work in the Polish-Ukrainian confrontation in the region) are analyzed. The legal and financial position of judicial employees, the salary differentiation of various categories, and the number of Ukrainian judges in Halychyna are determined. Much attention is given to the activities of the brightest representatives of this socio-professional group.

judge, lawyer, intellectuals, professional activity, Halychyna