ПРОТИПОЖЕЖНА БЕЗПЕКА ЧЕРНІВЦІВ У КІНЦІ XVIII – ПЕРШІЙ ПОЛОВИНІ XIX СТОЛІТТЯ: ЕТАПИ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ТА АДМІНІСТРАТИВНЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ

The article explores the process of establishing fire safety in the city of Chernivtsi during the late 18th and the first half of the 19th century, in the context of Bukovina’s incorporation into the Austrian Empire. The author analyzes the legal framework, administrative practices, and social mechanisms of implementing fire safety policy, drawing on materials from the State Archives of Chernivtsi Region (SACR), as well as a range of imperial circulars and localordinances. The study covers both the early attempts at organizing fire safety under Baron Karl von Splény (Imperial Commissioner of Bukovina, 1775–1778) and the comprehensive reform initiatives of Joseph von Enzenberg (Imperial Commissioner of Bukovina, 1778–1786), which laid the foundations of an integrated system of fire regulation, urban redevelopment, and architectural transformation of the city. The focus is placed on a complex of legal provisions regulating construction, the behavior of residents in case of fire, and the participation of the population in firefighting. The article traces in detail the changes in architectural policy: from the gradual prohibition of wooden constructions to the encouragement of building with fire-resistant materials through tax incentives. An analysis is provided of documents concerning the division of Chernivtsi into quarters, the establishment of duties for quarter wardens and night watchmen, as well as the mechanisms of fire signaling and the mobilization of townspeople for firefighting. The study describes social forms of rewards and liabilities, which shaped collective involvement in combating fires.