ОЛЬГЕРД БОЧКОВСЬКИЙ ПРО ФОРМУВАННЯ НАЦІЙ У ХІХ – ПЕРШІЙ ТРЕТИНІ ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ

The paper established that the scientific achievements of O. Bocchkovsky remain relevant at the current stage of state-building processes in Ukraine, especially in the context of the struggle for national identity, political sovereignty and cultural identification of Ukrainians. The thinkerʼs ideological and methodological heritage is classified on the basis of a combination of problem-thematic and structural-analytical approaches and systematized in several directions: theoretical substantiation of nationalism as a science; analysis of ethnogenesis and nationogenesis; substantiation of the concept of nation; consideration of the role of language, culture, religion in the formation of national identity; criticism of racial ideologies and authoritarian models of nationalism. The nationalistic ideas of O. Bochkovsky as one of the first attempts to form a holistic science of the nation in the Ukrainian and European scientific space of the first half of the twentieth century. The authors found that the scientist considered the nation not as a biological or ethnic formation, but as a conscious choice and result of social development, based on cultural heritage, national will and historical memory. O. Bochkovsky focused considerable attention on the relationship between the nation and statehood. He also formulated the concept of natsiocracy as a political ideal based on the principles of democratic self-determination of peoples.