ЯК ЗБЕРІГАЛИ МОВНУ Й ІСТОРИЧНУ ПАМ’ЯТЬ: RATIO ТА EMOTIO В ЛИСТУВАННІ МОВОЗНАВЦІВ-ЧЛЕНІВ НТШ ЗА РАДЯНСЬКОГО РЕЖИМУ

The significance of historical lexicography for the preservation of national identity, historical and linguistic memory, in particular the role of Ukrainian historical lexicography of the 20th century in this process is characterized. Ukrainian linguists worked under the total pressure of the Soviet repressive system. It is demonstrated by the example of activities of the greatest linguist-lexicographer of the first half of the 20th century – Professor Eugene Tymchenko (1866–1948), a full member of the SSS, editor of the unique «Historical dictionary of the Ukrainian language», as well as an outstanding grammarian, author of a number of unique works on the case system of the Ukrainian language. Professor Eugene Tymchenko was repressed, served his exile and returned to Kyiv a few years before his death. It is deduced how Eugene Tymchenko’s work was continued by Professor Oleksa Gorbach (1918–1997), a well-known linguist on the emigration, full member of the SSS, who was able to avoid the direct terror of the Soviet system and worked in Germany for a long time. At his own expense, he republished a number of the unique Ukrainian grammars published before 1930s, as well as valuable lexicographic works. Thus, in the last quarter of the 20th century, through the efforts of O. Gorbach, the «Historical dictionary of the Ukrainian language», edited by E. Tymchenko and published in 1930–1932 during the professor’s lifetime, returned to Ukrainian linguists, but was later banned, and the text with following letters was destroyed. The relationship between generations of Ukrainian linguists of the XX century is revealed on the basis of Oleksa Gorbach’s correspondence with a wide range of scientists-humanitarians outside Ukraine, mostly full members of the SSS, and with many scientists who lived in Soviet Ukraine and, despite the totalitarian system of government, developed Ukrainian science and preserved the traditions and memory of their predecessors.