«НЕ ВСЕ ПРАВДА, ЩО ТАМ СКАЗАНО, А МНОГО ПРАВДИ ЗАМОЛЧАНО»: ІДЕЙНО-КУЛЬТУРНИЙ КЛІМАТ У ГАЛИЧИНІ В ПЕРЕДДЕНЬ «ВЕСНИ НАРОДІВ»

It is clarified that the ideological framework of the revolutionary events of 1848–1849 that came down in history as the Spring of Nations was a complex set of attitudes and incentives that developed rapidly as for its time during the previous few decades. As for the Ukrainians in Halychyna, despite being a part of the Habsburg Monarchy for such a long time, more than half a century, the main idea of their ideological pursuit was to shift from the Polish socio-territorial and linguistic-cultural space of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth to the ethnonational organization of society and the opposition to Austrian imperial centralism. The article demonstrates what role the two-stage Ukrainian-Polish identity played in this shift (the Polish uprising of 1830–1831 was an impetus for its designation, during the Revolution, it would manifest itself in the establishment of the Ruthenian sobor and its representatives would be called Ruthenians of the Polish nation – gente Rutheni, natione Poloni). It is justified that at the social level, the community of «Ruthenians of the Polish nation» was a transitionary and short-term manifestation of modern nation-building, a pursuit of historical and ideological guidelines. As for the ideological level, it was the result of the clash between two ideologies and their interaction – Enlightenment and Romanticism that provided a different understanding of the ethnos-nation – and consequently, governmental-political and ethnic-cultural community. Both the existence and the disintegration of the two-stage Ukrainian-Polish identity provided the ideological nourishment for the transformation of the local Ruthenian identity into the Ukrainian one in its modern sense. It is demonstrated that Austrophilism and Russophilism were the mediators during this process. Ukrainophiles needed arguments to separate Ukrainian space from Russian and a lot of such arguments they found in Polish ideological and political as well as cultural and intellectual discourse. Due to this, it is argued that Polonophilism prompted the development of Ukrainophilism and in a way, was even its part.