REFERENTIALLY SPECIALISED VERBAL PREDICATES OF THE UKRAINIAN, POLISH, AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES: FUNCTIONAL DIMENSION

Based on dictionaries and corpora of texts of the Ukrainian, Polish, and English languages the research focused on object relations of referentially specialised verbal predicates. A set of theoretical issues related to the study of the concept of verbal predicate and the knowledge of the role of the object in the structure of expression at the present stage of linguistics development is generalised. It is shown that the relevance of the paper is determined by its connection with the fundamental problem of interaction of paradigmatics and syntagmatics of language units, and is due to the lack of comprehensive semantic-functional studies of relations of verbal predicates with their objects based on the Ukrainian, Polish, and English languages separately, as well as in the contrastive aspect. The verbal predicates of Ukrainian, Polish, and English are characterised according to reference-taxonomic classes of the names of objects, each of which represents one or another physical property of the substance. It was determined that the most represented group was fl uidity (29,5 % in the Ukrainian language, 24,1 % in the Polish, 23 % in the English of the total number of units), the least verbal predicates form the gaseousness group (2,6 %, 5,5 %, 4,6 %). It is observed that the functional correlation of referentially specialised verbs with the names of their objects is quite broad; it can be both general and maximally determined, so within the studied predicates, the following groups of verbs were distinguished: 1) verbs of non-specifi c specialisation, generally refl ecting a particular physical characteristic of the substance; 2) verbs of absolute specialisation, refl ecting the only possible type of the substance; 3) verbs of doublet specialisation, the semantics of which is a characteristic of the substance. It is shown that certain functional-onomasiological groups of verbs, refl ectively disposed to the materiality of the object in all its manifestations, do not constitute a rigid organisation. 

verbal predicate, object, referential specialisation, functional-onomasiolog.