ЗБРОЯ І ВІРА: ВІЙНА ТА РЕЛІГІЯ В КУЛЬТУРНІЙ ПАМ’ЯТІ ПЕРШОЇ ПОЛОВИНИ ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ*1

The article examines the development of the idea/concept of war in relation to the idea/ concept of faith/religion during the first half of the 20th century. It is emphasized that during this period the idea of war was closely connected with the development of religious thinking, but with a shift in emphasis. The main directions of evolution of ideas about war and the essential paradigm of these ideas in the ideological systems of Ukraine, Europe and the world of the twentieth century are traced. It is emphasized that the preconditions for changing these paradigms were laid by the interwar situation on the European continent. This was influenced by the development of the totalitarian systems of the USSR, Italy, Germany, and Japan (in the non-European space). It was found that it was during this period that political religions were clearly structured, based on the ideas of the nation and the state, the cults of leader and the sacralization of secular power clearly manifested themselves. The creators of these systems tried to influence traditional religions (fascism, Nazism, Japanese militarism), or eliminate them and replace their secular faith (communism). Underlined, that one of the factors in the outbreak of World War II was also the manipulation of religious doctrines (war on communism as atheism). It also provoked the emergence of religious leaders of new states (Slovakia) and accusations of religious leaders of collaborationism with Nazism and fascism. Emphasis is placed on the functions of religions in the extreme conditions of genocide (Holocaust) and crimes against humanity in Halychyna. The differences in the perception of the problems of faith and war in different confessional environments, the change of moral priorities in extreme conditions, the problem of survival strategies and the adaptation of the faithful in these contexts are considered. Emphasis is placed on the problem of the emergence of mystical cults and movements (such as Halychanian stigmata) in the wake of military events. It is established that World War II became one of the turning points in the development of not only secular but also religious thinking, in particular in the direction of their radicalization

war, religion, cultural memory, world history, regional history, Europe, Ukraine, Halychyna.